Artroplastia total de joelho após osteotomia tibial alta: comparação entre osteotomia em cunha de abertura medial com osteotomia em cunha de fechamento lateral

Abstract

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is frequently used to treat varus osteoarthritis in younger patients with the goal of delaying the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While it has been reported that the results of TKA following HTO are worse than those in patients without prior knee surgery, the influence of osteotomy technique (medial opening-wedge versus lat-eral closing-wedge) has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-fluence of HTO technique on the performance and results of TKA. Our hypothesis is that the limb alignment, clinical follow-up and rate of complications are equal in patients undergoing TKA after closing-wedge and opening-wedge osteotomies and that the closing-wedge osteotomies have a higher survival rate when compared to open-ing- wedge osteotomies. We also suppose that younger patients at the time of the osteotomies have a longer delay until the need of performing a TKA. A hundred and one TKA s performed in 118 patients with prior HTO (24 opening wedge and 117 closing wedge) were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 2 years. Reviewed data included intra-operative factors (tourniquet time, the need for additional exposure, and intra-operative complications), clinical results (International Knee Score (IKS)), and radiographic assessment of limb alignment. There was no significant difference in IKS scores based on osteotomy technique. There was a trend toward an increased need for tibial tubercle osteotomy in the closing-wedge group. There was an increased need for extensive medial release in the opening-wedge group and extensive lateral release in the closing-wedge group. No differences in tourniquet time, complication rates, or hip-knee-ankle angle were noted between the two groups. Radiographic limb alignment, patient-reported outcomes, and complication rates are equal in patients undergoing TKA after opening and closing wedge HTO. Closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy has a longer survival until the necessity of a total knee arthroplasty when compared to an opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. There is a posi-tive and significant relationship between the patient's age at the time of the osteotomy and the survival of this surgery