Necessidades do cliente oncohematológico hospitalizado: implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem

Abstract

This is a qualitative research of type single case study that aims to: describing the needs of care of the oncohaematologicalcustomer hospitalized in the perspective of the client, the family and the nursing staff and discussing their implications for nursing care from the perspective of the client/family and nursing staff. The scenario of the research was the hematology ward of a university hospital located in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. The subjects were oncohaematological clients hospitalized in the unit, their families and members of the nursing staff who work in the same. The data collection occurred in the period from February to May 2013 and was accomplished through non-participant observation, with records in field journal, and semi-structured interviews. After thematic analysis of the data emerged the following categories: "Perspectives on oncohaematological customer needs" and "Needs of the oncohaematologicalcustomer hospitalized and Nursing Care". The results showed that the needs expressed by the individuals of this research, cover the macrospheres of basic human needs spoken by Wanda Horta and performing the harmonization of needs with her theory: the psychobiological level includes the needs of professional care, comfort, medicines, good hospital infrastructure, self-care, family guidance, guidelines for the customer and the multidisciplinary team; the psychosocial level involves the privacy needs, emotional support, patience, acceptance and family support; psychospiritual level is the need of spirituality and faith. The needs of care of the oncohaematological customer are intrinsically connected to treatment, hospitalization and the repercussions of diagnosis, for customers and those who surround their families and nursing staff that attend.The first step to distinguish the implications for nursing care is raising significant data about the conditions under which the client is; to be possible to identify problems and intervene to the best customer service. The oncohaematological client has specific characteristics from the course of the disease and treatment with antineoplastic that occurs over a long period and causes the client physical changes due to pancytopenia, therefore, require care even after hospital discharge, which implies working with the client and family about the importance and the reasons why these precautions should be followed, expressing, clearly, and paying attention to the level of understanding of the client. It is concluded that the skills of nursing staff must include skills in the dimension of knowledge, practice and of affection, because this implies in the daily care of nursing and differentiates a mechanized assistance and indiferencial, attentive assistance, focused, committed to the care of their clientele. This study aimed to contribute with assistance by showing that the understanding of different views of the characters care favors the planning and targeting of the actions of the team to customers and family during hospitalization and with guidelines on hospital discharge to stimulate the continuity in homecare and stimulate self-care in clients.