Elaboração e validação de tecnologia educacional como estratégia de Enfermagem para o cuidado do idoso submetido à angioplastia coronariana transluminal percutânea

Abstract

People who live longer are exposed to certain chronic diseases. Among these, the Coronary Artery Disease. It becomes paramount, therefore, that nursing care dispensed to elderly undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) are facing beyond hospital care. Objective: To Develop and Validate an Educational Technology as a manual the self-care of the elderly undergoing PTCA. Methodology: Methodology type research, supported in the theories of Dorotéia Orem. Inclusion criteria: people aged over 60 years old undergoing PTCA. Exclusion criteria: Older adults with cognitive or psychiatric disorders. The research was developed on the hemodynamics of Antonio Pedro University Hospital and Nursing Program in Health Care of the Elderly and their Caregivers - UFF. In compliance with Resolution 66 of December 12, 201260, it was submitted to the Committee for Research Ethics approved by Opinion No. 234 557 of March 08, 2013. 1st Step of the research it was carried out using a semi-structured interview questionnaire to identify and describe the needs of the elderly undergoing PTCA related to self-care. The interviews were conducted in the period of May to July 2013, with twenty (20) older adults. The analysis of this step subsidized the development of educational technology. 2nd Step of the research - Development of Educational Technology - 3rd Educational Technology Validation - validation of two instruments of Likert scale were used. An instrument responded by twelve expert judges and other instrument by the target audience, nine elderly, from the first stage of the research who agreed to participate in the study, they signed a consent form and was handed a kit containing educational technology and the instrument for review. Analysis of the 1st Step of the research - interpretation, data transcription and thematic content analysis. Results: Seven categories emerged related to knowing about the elderly PTCA, pointing to self-care deficit related to knowledge about the procedure. The themes categories were used as input for the development of educational technology. Analysis of the 2nd Stage of the research - statistical analysis of the questionnaires of Likert Scale: based on the simple frequency of the number of times that the experts and the elderly opted for different valuations on each block of the instrument, namely: Totally Adequate (TA) ; Adequate (A); Partially Adequate (PA) and Inadequate (I). Results: The TE was considered validated items that had greater than or equal to 70% agreement, the manual was considered adequate to the proposed items evaluation. Items that have not reached the level of agreement of 70% were corrected and modified. 3rd Step: Adequacy of Educational Technology - in possession of all the assessments, the manual received the necessary adjustments. Conclusion: it was built a printed teaching manual, a video with the same content and an explanatory brochure. Such products are being shared with the elderly that need to be manipulated more effectively in highly complex services to perform self-care. This study will be a model for other scenarios due to its innovative character of caring for the elderly in educating highly complex sector.